Which two vessels supply the liver?

• A. Hepatic Artery and Portal Vein
• B. Hepatic Vein and Portal Vein
• C. Hepatic Artery and Hepatic Vein
• D. Portal Vein and Inferior Vena Cava

Answer: (A)

The liver has a dual blood supply: the hepatic artery and the portal vein. The hepatic artery brings oxygen-rich blood from the systemic circulation, meeting the liver’s high oxygen needs. The portal vein brings nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract through the portal system, delivering substrates for metabolism and detoxification. The combination ensures both oxygen supply and processing of nutrients in the liver. The inferior vena cava is not a supplier; its role is to carry blood away from the liver via the hepatic veins after processing.