Which of the following is a calcineurin inhibitor?

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a calcineurin inhibitor?

Explanation:
Calcineurin inhibitors block T-cell activation by stopping the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. When calcineurin is inhibited, NFAT cannot be dephosphorylated and enter the nucleus to drive IL-2 transcription, so T-cell proliferation is reduced. Cyclosporine achieves this by binding to cyclophilin; the resulting complex inhibits calcineurin, preventing IL-2 production and T-cell activation. Sirolimus and Everolimus, in contrast, inhibit mTOR, which is downstream of IL-2 signaling but not the calcineurin step. Leflunomide blocks pyrimidine synthesis via DHODH, affecting lymphocyte proliferation through a different pathway. Therefore, the drug that is a calcineurin inhibitor in this list is cyclosporine.

Calcineurin inhibitors block T-cell activation by stopping the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. When calcineurin is inhibited, NFAT cannot be dephosphorylated and enter the nucleus to drive IL-2 transcription, so T-cell proliferation is reduced.

Cyclosporine achieves this by binding to cyclophilin; the resulting complex inhibits calcineurin, preventing IL-2 production and T-cell activation. Sirolimus and Everolimus, in contrast, inhibit mTOR, which is downstream of IL-2 signaling but not the calcineurin step. Leflunomide blocks pyrimidine synthesis via DHODH, affecting lymphocyte proliferation through a different pathway.

Therefore, the drug that is a calcineurin inhibitor in this list is cyclosporine.

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