Which estrogen is described as cardioprotective and involved in coagulation?

• A. Estradiol
• B. Estrone
• C. Estriol
• D. Progesterone

Answer: (A)

Estradiol is the estrogen with the strongest activity among the natural estrogens and plays major roles in both cardiovascular protection and coagulation. It promotes beneficial vascular effects, such as improving endothelial function and lipid profiles (increasing HDL and decreasing LDL), which contribute to cardioprotection. At the same time, estradiol influences the liver’s production of coagulation factors, helping to modulate the coagulation system and, in some contexts, contributing to a procoagulant state. The other estrogens are less potent or have different tissue distributions (estrone is weaker and more prominent after menopause; estriol is mainly a pregnancy-associated estrogen), and progesterone is not an estrogen.