Which complication is listed as the most common in phlebotomy?

• A. Vascular
• B. Infection
• C. Anemia (pediatrics)
• D. Hematoma

Answer: (A)

Hematoma at the puncture site is the most common complication in phlebotomy. It occurs when blood leaks from a punctured vein into the surrounding tissue, typically after needle withdrawal or if adequate pressure isn’t maintained, or if there are multiple puncture attempts. Veins can be delicate, especially in older patients or those with anticoagulant therapy, making leakage and compression failure more likely. This local swelling and discoloration happen far more often than infection (which is rare with proper aseptic technique) or systemic issues like fainting; a single blood draw is unlikely to cause anemia in pediatrics. To reduce risk, use a suitable vein, secure and stabilize it, minimize the number of needle passes, and apply firm pressure at the site for several minutes after the draw.