What is the typical fixed-angle range used in fixed-angle centrifuges?

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Multiple Choice

What is the typical fixed-angle range used in fixed-angle centrifuges?

Explanation:
In a fixed-angle centrifuge, tubes are held at a constant angle to the axis, so particles sediment along a diagonal path toward the bottom of the tube rather than straight to the bottom. The angle is chosen to balance fast pelleting with pellet stability. A typical range of about 25 to 40 degrees provides efficient separation while keeping pellets well-formed and reducing resuspension or leakage. Angles much smaller (5–15 degrees) slow down sedimentation, while much larger angles (60–75 or 80–90 degrees) push sediment toward the side or top and can compromise separation.

In a fixed-angle centrifuge, tubes are held at a constant angle to the axis, so particles sediment along a diagonal path toward the bottom of the tube rather than straight to the bottom. The angle is chosen to balance fast pelleting with pellet stability. A typical range of about 25 to 40 degrees provides efficient separation while keeping pellets well-formed and reducing resuspension or leakage. Angles much smaller (5–15 degrees) slow down sedimentation, while much larger angles (60–75 or 80–90 degrees) push sediment toward the side or top and can compromise separation.

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